Hebrew - Pronominal suffixes with prepositions
Pronominal suffixes are shortened forms of personal pronouns, and may be attached directly to prepositions, particles, nouns or verbs. There are a number of standard patterns to the use with prepositions:
With be and le
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
3M | * him | -ôw |
-âhem | * them |
3F | * her | -âh |
-âhen | * them |
2M | * you | ekhâ |
-âkhem | * you |
2F | * you | -âkh |
-âkhen | * you |
1 | * me | -îy |
-ânû | * us |
eg bîy, b
ekhâ, l
ânû etc.
With ke
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
3M | like him | kâmôwhû |
kâhem | like them |
3F | like her | kâmôâh |
kâhen | like them |
2M | like you | kâmôwkhâ |
kâkhem | like you |
2F | | |
| |
1 | like me | kâmôwnû |
kâmôwnû | like us |
Where the preposition takes daghesh forte
With ’êth
With the preposition ’êth (with - so not
the particle ’êth), a daghesh forte is inserted in the consonant before the suffix:
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
3M | with him | ’ôthôw, ’ittôw | ’ôthôwâm, ’ittâm | with them |
3F | with her | ’ittâh |
| |
2M | with you | ’ôthekhâ, ’ittekhâ |
’êthekhem, ’ittekhem | with you |
2F | with you | ’ôthâkh, ’ittâkh |
| |
1 | with me | ’ôthîy, ’ittîy |
’ôthânû, ’ittânû | with us |
With lebad
l
ebad means alone, by himself/itself, and takes daghesh forte in the d with all suffixes:
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
3M | by himself | lebaddû |
lebaddâm | by themselves |
3F | by herself | lebaddâh |
lebaddehen | by themselves |
2M | like you | lebaddekhâ |
lebaddekhem | like you |
2F | | |
| |
1 | by myself | lebaddîy |
| |
With ‘im
‘im is another variation on with, and takes daghesh forte in the m with all suffixes:
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
3M | with him | ‘immôw |
‘immâm, ‘immâhem | with them |
3F | with her | ‘immâh |
| |
2M | with you | ‘immekhâ, ‘immâkh |
‘immâkhem | with you |
2F | | |
| |
1 | with me | ‘immîy, ‘immâdîy |
‘immânû | with us |
With min
min (from) is irregular. In some cases it is duplicated (so 1s is literally 'from from me'), in some partially duplicated (2ms and 2fs) and in some not at all (eg 2mp). The n is normally assimilated, leading to other changes in the verbs.
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
3M | from him | mimmennû |
mêhem | from them |
3F | from her | mimmennâh |
mêhen | from them |
2M | from you | mimmekhâ |
mikhem | from you |
2F | from you | mimmêkh |
mikhen | from you |
1 | from me | mimmennîy |
mimmennû | from us |
Where the preposition takes the same suffixes as plural nouns
With lîphenêy
lîph
enêy - 'to the face of' is taken to mean 'before', 'in front of'.
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
3M | before him | lephânâyv |
lîphenêyhem | before them |
3F | before her | lephâneyâh |
| |
2M | before you | lephâneykhâ |
lîphenêykhem | before you |
2F | before you | lephânayikh |
| |
1 | before me | lephânay |
lephâneynû | before us |
With ’el
’el means 'to, unto' and changes as follows:
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
3M | unto him | ’êlâyv |
’alêyhem | unto them |
3F | unto her | ’êleyâh |
’alêyhen | unto them |
2M | unto you | ’êleykhâ |
’alêykhem | unto you |
2F | unto you | ’alayikh |
’alêykhen | unto you |
1 | unto me | ’êlay |
’êleynû | unto us |